
OFAC sanctioned the Rwanda Defence Force and the Hong Kong traders moving conflict tantalum out of eastern DRC. The mineral passed through both of them on its way to Ulba Metallurgical Plant, a Kazakh state asset, the only tantalum processor in the former Soviet satellite state, and a fixture in the certified supply chains of major Western manufacturers.

Companies sourcing from Indonesia's nickel sector rely on sustainability disclosures written by the companies they are auditing. When the evidence of contamination lives in an internal email rather than a published report, standard due diligence and adverse media screening has no mechanism to find it.








